Tag
networking
NAT: Addresses, Ports, and Connection State
Trace packet translation and return-path state, calculate hot-destination port capacity, and design NAT egress around failure boundaries, observability, and explicit access policy.
Subnets: Address Planning and Packet Paths
Learn how subnet masks affect packet paths and how cloud and Kubernetes allocators turn address planning into a capacity problem.
IPv4 and IPv6: Packets, Paths, and Production Migration
Compare packet behavior, trace dual-stack connection choices, and plan IPv6 migration around translation, security, and failure recovery.
IP Addresses in Production: Prefixes, Routes, and Identity
Understand IP addressing through CIDR, packet forwarding, NAT, IPv6, and the failures that appear when networks grow.
OSI and TCP/IP: How Real Networks Work
Follow requests through IP, TCP, TLS, HTTP, proxies, and container networks to find the boundaries that matter in production.
IPv4 Address Iterator: One 32-Bit Cursor
A lazy IPv4 iterator with Java and Python solutions, carry handling, the final-address boundary, and CIDR/IPv6 interview follow-ups.